When is the Navy's birthday celebrated?

The Navy's birthday is celebrated on October 13, 1775, making this the correct choice. This date marks the establishment of the Continental Navy by the Second Continental Congress when it authorized the purchase of two vessels to intercept British supply ships. It symbolizes the formal recognition of naval service in the United States, which has evolved into the modern Navy we know today.

The other dates mentioned do have historical significance, but they do not pertain specifically to the establishment of the Navy. January 1, 1775, is not recognized as a pivotal date in Navy history. July 4, 1776, is celebrated as Independence Day, marking the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. November 10, 1775, is noteworthy for the formation of the Marine Corps, which is a separate branch of the armed services. Understanding the significance of October 13 helps in appreciating the Navy's rich heritage and the evolution of its role within the U.S. military framework.